Korean J Med > Volume 93(3); 2018 > Article |
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Variables | All subjects (n = 267) | Subjects without seroconversion (n = 241) | Subjects with seroconversion (n = 26) | p-value |
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Age (years) | 49.9 ± 9.4 | 49.8 ± 9.5 | 50.9 ± 9.2 | 0.565 |
Sex (male) | 165 (61.8) | 147 (61.0) | 18 (69.2) | 0.414 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.5 ± 3.2 | 24.4 ± 3.2 | 25.8 ± 3.4 | 0.033 |
Cigarette-smoking status | 0.536 | |||
Non-smoker | 139 (53.6) | 128 (63.2) | 11 (42.3) | |
Past smoker | 80 (3.0) | 70 (29.0) | 10 (38.5) | |
Current smoker | 48 (18.6) | 43 (17.8) | 5 (19.2) | |
Alcohol consumption | 0.001 | |||
None | 86 (32.2) | 78 (32.4) | 8 (30.8) | |
Social drinking | 165 (61.8) | 153 (63.5) | 12 (46.2) | |
Heavy drinkinga | 16 (6.0) | 10 (4.1) | 6 (23.1) | |
Comorbidity | ||||
Hypertension | 55 (20.6) | 51 (21.2) | 4 (15.4) | 0.489 |
Diabetes mellitus | 20 (7.5) | 18 (7.5) | 2 (7.7) | 0.967 |
Other comorbidity | 10 (3.7) | 9 (3.7) | 1 (3.8) | 0.977 |
Medication | ||||
Aspirin | 24 (9.0) | 23 (9.5) | 1 (3.8) | 0.335 |
NSAIDs | 27 (10.1) | 23 (9.5) | 4 (15.4) | 0.015 |
Other medication | 56 (21.0) | 47 (19.5) | 9 (34.6) | 0.074 |
Follow-up (months) | 36.0 ± 17.4 | 35.3 ± 17.3 | 42.7 ± 17.0 | 0.038 |
Number of anti-H. pylori IgG assays performed | 2.46 ± 0.79 | 2.41 ± 0.77 | 2.88 ± 0.91 | 0.004 |
Continuous values are presented as mean ± standard deviation, and categorical values are presented as percentage (%).
BMI, body mass index; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
a The criteria for heavy drinking were ≥ 15 drinks/week for males and ≥ 8 drinks/week for females based on the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. One drink is equal to 350 mL beer (5% [v/v] alcohol), 150 mL wine (12% [v/v] alcohol), or 40 mL whiskey or vodka (40% [v/v] alcohol).
Significant variables |
Univariate analyses |
Multivariate analyses |
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OR (95% CI) | p-value | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Longer follow-up | 0.976 (0.954-0.999) | 0.041 | 0.994 (0.965-1.025) | 0.714 |
Number of serological tests | 0.569 (0.378-0.854) | 0.007 | 0.589 (0.345-1.008) | 0.054 |
Higher BMI | 0.881 (0.782-0.991) | 0.035 | 0.885 (0.773-1.012) | 0.074 |
No drinking | 1 | 1 | ||
Social drinking | 5.850 (1.682-20.348) | 0.005 | 4.360 (1.130-16.826) | 0.033 |
Heavy drinkinga | 7.650 (2.374-24.656) | 0.001 | 6.754 (1.892-24.102) | 0.003 |
No intake of NSAIDs | 1 | 1 | ||
Intake of NSAIDs | 4.200 (1.216-14.503) | 0.023 | 4.028 (0.948-17.120) | 0.059 |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
a The criteria for heavy drinking were ≥ 15 drinks/week for males and ≥ 8 drinks/week for females based on the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. One drink is equal to 350 mL beer (5% [v/v] alcohol), 150 mL wine (12% [v/v] alcohol), or 40 mL whiskey or vodka (40% [v/v] alcohol).
Males |
Females |
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Without seroconversion (n = 147) | With seroconversion (n = 18) | p-value | Without seroconversion (n = 94) | With seroconversion (n = 8) | p-value | |
No drinking | 24 (16.3) | 2 (11.1) | 0.002 | 54 (57.4) | 6 (75.0) | 0.333 |
Social drinking | 113 (76.9) | 10 (55.6) | 40 (42.6) | 2 (25.0) | ||
Heavy drinkinga | 10 (6.8) | 6 (33.3) | 0 | 0 |
a The criteria for heavy drinking were ≥ 15 drinks/week for males and ≥ 8 drinks/week for females based on the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines. One drink is equal to 350 mL beer (5% [v/v] alcohol), 150 mL wine (12% [v/v] alcohol), or 40 mL whiskey or vodka (40% [v/v] alcohol).
Follow-up testsa | Subjects lacking seroconversion (n = 241) | Subjects exhibiting seroconversion (n = 26) | p-value |
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Serum pepsinogen assay | |||
Pepsinogen I level (ng/mL) | 54.7 ± 26.2 | 65.2 ± 33.7 | 0.269 |
Pepsinogen II level (ng/mL) | 9.1 ± 5.3 | 12.0 ± 7.8 | 0.030 |
Pepsinogen I/II ratio | 6.7 ± 2.7 | 6.0 ± 1.6 | 0.372 |
Endoscopy finding | |||
Erosive esophagitis | 55 (22.8) | 10 (38.5) | 0.077 |
Erosive gastritis | 99 (41.1) | 16 (61.5) | 0.045 |
Chronic superficial gastritis | 69 (28.6) | 8 (30.8) | 0.819 |
Chronic atrophic gastritis | 116 (48.1) | 12 (46.2) | 0.848 |
Metaplastic gastritis | 9 (3.7) | 0 | 0.316 |
Peptic ulcer disease | 8 (3.3) | 0 | 0.346 |