| Molecular Residual Disease Monitoring and Early Recurrence Prediction in Solid Tumors: Clinical Applications and Evidence |
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Sung Hee Lim |
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Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea |
| 고형암에서 Molecular Residual Disease 추적 및 조기 재발 예측 |
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임성희 |
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성균관대학교 의과대학 삼성서울병원 혈액종양내과 |
Correspondence:
Sung Hee Lim, Tel: +82-2-3410-3459, Fax: +82-2-3412-3996, Email: polluxis@skku.edu
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Received: 6 July 2025 • Revised: 1 November 2025 • Accepted: 19 November 2025 |
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| Abstract |
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Recent advances in liquid biopsy technologies, particularly circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis, have enabled the sensitive and non-invasive detection of molecular residual disease (MRD) in solid tumors. This review summarizes the current clinical evidence and applications of MRD monitoring in solid cancers, focusing on colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor-informed and tumor-uninformed ctDNA assays are compared, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Landmark studies such as the DYNAMIC and GALAXY trials in colorectal cancer, and the TRACERx study in NSCLC, have demonstrated the prognostic value of ctDNAbased MRD detection for recurrence risk stratification and for guiding adjuvant therapy decisions. Ongoing research and standardization efforts are expected to further establish MRD assessment as an integral component of precision oncology. |
| Key Words:
Neoplasm, residual; Circulating tumor DNA; Chemotherapy, adjuvant; Recurrence |
| 주제어:
잔존 종양; 순환 종양 DNA; 보조 항암 화학 요법; 재발 |
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